有组织犯罪 | Organaized Crime CN

有组织犯罪在日常语言中通常与毒品或刑事犯罪联系在一起，并被俗称为“黑手党”。然而，根据波兰执法机构的定义，许多与刑事犯罪无关的活动，包括严格的经济活动，往往也被视为旨在实施犯罪或财政犯罪的有组织犯罪集团或协会。

通常，有组织犯罪集团或协会是指由至少三名成员组成的群体，成员之间应有明确的角色分工和任务安排，并有内部结构。该群体必须由至少一名领导人领导。该群体或协会存在的目的是实施犯罪行为。提出此类指控的条件不必是犯罪的实施，而仅仅是该群体或协会选择以犯罪为目标即可构成犯罪。犯罪集团与犯罪协会的主要区别在于内部组织程度和成员接受方式的不同。旨在实施犯罪或财政犯罪的协会通常更加正规化，具有更强的内部结构和持久性。

根据《波兰刑法》第258条第1至4款的规定，有组织犯罪可被判处3个月至10年监禁。若涉及武装或恐怖性质的犯罪集团，刑罚会更加严厉，而领导此类集团或协会的行为根据波兰法律属于重罪，最低刑罚为3年监禁。根据波兰法律，任何在有组织犯罪框架下实施的行为，都会依据《波兰刑法》第65条第1款补充法律资格，并因此承担更为严厉的刑事责任。

多年来，波兰和欧盟国家一直在加大力度打击有组织犯罪的表现，增加预算用于购买侦查此类犯罪的工具，并通过创建用于高效操作活动的工具，例如欧洲跨学科平台EMPACT。在近年来，有组织犯罪的概念越来越多地与经济犯罪联系在一起，因此也影响到商界的某些代表。在当前的波兰法律体系下，仅仅是被怀疑参与有组织犯罪集团，就可能导致严重的法律困境，如被采取临时拘留或其他严厉的预防措施和强制措施。

KKZ律师事务所 处理有组织犯罪案件的服务范围包括：

• 在准备和司法程序阶段，基于精心制定的诉讼策略，提供与有组织犯罪相关的刑事和刑事经济案件的辩护；
• 与波兰执法机构和外国机构的合作；
• 在欧洲逮捕令（EAW）相关程序和引渡程序中代表客户；
• 涉及安全通行证的案件；
• 在刑罚执行程序中提供代表；
• 在撤销和修改财产保全和预防措施（包括临时拘留）的适用方面提供法律援助；
• 采取程序性措施，以达成刑事诉讼的协商终止；
• 为与有组织犯罪相关的受害者提供代表和保护。

我们的服务对象包括：

• 被怀疑或被指控参与有组织犯罪的人；
• 申请安全通行证的人；
• 被发布欧洲逮捕令或启动引渡程序的人；
• 受有组织犯罪侵害的实体。

Organized crime is a concept in common parlance associated primarily with drug or criminal crime and is colloquially reduced to the popular word “mafia.” Meanwhile, activities unrelated to criminal nature, including strictly economic activities, are often considered by Polish law enforcement agencies as an organized criminal group or association aimed at committing a crime or fiscal crime.

As a rule, a criminal group or association is considered to be a group of at least three members, among whom there must be a specific division of roles and tasks and an internal structure. It must be headed by at least one leader. The purpose of the existence of the group or association must be aimed at committing a crime. The condition for such a charge does not have to be the commission of a crime, but the mere acceptance of the group’s or association’s choice of a criminal goal in the form of breaking criminal laws. The difference between a criminal group and a criminal association lies mainly in the criterion of the degree of internal organization and the method of admission of members. An association with the purpose of committing a crime or fiscal crime is characterized by greater formalization, internal structuring and permanence.

Organized crime is regulated in Article 258 § 1-4 of the Polish Criminal Code and is punishable by 3 months to 10 years of imprisonment. Stricter liability is provided for activity in a group of an armed or terrorist nature, while directing a group or association of such nature under Polish legislation constitutes a felony, for which the minimum penalty is 3 years’ imprisonment. Under Polish law, the commission of any act within the framework of organized crime will be included in the legal qualification of such an act by supplementing it with Article 65 § 1 of the Polish Criminal Code, and is associated with more severe criminal liability

For years, Poland and the countries of the European Union have been intensifying their activities aimed at combating manifestations of organized crime by increasing budgetary resources for the purchase of means to detect this type of crime, as well as through the tools created for efficient operational activities, an example of which is the European multidisciplinary platform EMPACT. In recent years, the concept of organized crime has been increasingly linked to the concept of economic crime, and consequently it affects some representatives of the business world. In the current legal system in Poland, the mere suspicion of acting as part of an organized criminal group causes significant legal inconveniences in the form of the application of detention on remand or other harsh preventive measures and coercion.

The scope of KKZ’s services related to handling organized crime cases includes:

• representation in criminal and criminal-economic proceedings concerning organized crime at the preparatory and judicial proceedings stage based on a carefully prepared litigation strategy;
• cooperation with Polish law enforcement agencies and foreign institutions;
• representation of clients in the procedure related to the European Arrest Warrant and in extradition proceedings;
• cases involving a letter of safe conduct;
• representation in penal enforcement proceedings;
• legal assistance in revoking and modifying the application of property security and preventive measures, including detention on remand;
• taking procedural measures aimed at consensual termination of criminal proceedings;
• representation and protection of crime victims related to organized crime.

Our offer is addressed to:

• persons suspected or accused of involvement in organized crime;
• persons applying for a letter of safe conduct;
• persons against whom an EAW has been issued or extradition proceedings have been initiated;
• entities harmed by organized crime.