国际刑警组织事务 | Interpol CN

自由迁徙和快速改变居住国的便利性，使得各国之间的合作变得必要，以便能够确定通缉人员的下落，并据此进行引渡。为了应对这些需求，成立了国际刑警组织（俗称国际刑警），其任务是帮助195个成员国打击各类犯罪。该组织的架构包括各成员国设立的国际刑警国家中央局，旨在与国际刑警总部保持密切联系，并向彼此提供关于通缉人员的信息。

国际刑警的主要任务包括：打击毒品和有组织犯罪、打击经济犯罪、追查逃犯、打击恐怖主义、维护公共安全和秩序以及打击人口贩卖。上述犯罪类别中，国际刑警的行动导致了最多的追捕成功案例。

该组织活动的主要工具是通告——手令，具有不同的颜色和意义。通告（俗称警报）的发布可由国际刑警成员国的授权机构或相关国际机构提出申请。在所有通告中，专门用于通缉最严重犯罪嫌疑人的称为红色通告。国际刑警红色通告的主要目的是加强为逮捕、临时拘留和引渡通缉人员而进行的国家搜查。红色通告针对最严重的犯罪，例如谋杀、极其残忍的强奸、毒品犯罪、伪造或参与有组织犯罪集团。红色通告的发布通知会发送至所有成员国，有时还会通过国际刑警网站公布。通缉人员被红色通告锁定后通常意味着引渡程序的启动。与此同时，关于该人员在其居住国获得庇护的问题也具有相关性。庇护是一种防止引渡的辩护工具。

每份通告相应对应着所谓的扩散，扩散是一种国际合作请求或警告，即由一个成员国向选定的国际刑警国家中央局发出的通知。扩散的发送是由国家授权机关提出申请，以便在另一个国家开展警务活动。在国际刑警收集国际合作信息的数据库中，值得指出的有指纹数据库、DNA档案数据库、被盗及遗失的旅行证件数据库和被盗车辆数据库。

在国际刑警红色通告案件及引渡程序领域，Kopeć & Zaborowski律师事务所提供以下服务：

• 详细解释红色通告制度；
• 准备从国际刑警数据库中删除信息的申请，并请求确认某人是否目前被通告所涵盖；
• 分析执法机关滥用红色通告制度的情况；
• 详细讨论引渡制度、其可接受性及后果；
• 分析被引渡要求所涉人员的法律及事实状况，包括拒绝向外国移交人员的理由；
• 参与作为引渡程序一部分开展的各项活动；
• 与负责程序的机关及请求移交人员的国家的主管机关保持持续联系；
• 积极参与有关移交可接受性的法庭审理，并在此方面准备申诉；
• 准备在引渡案件中向司法部长、人权专员或检察总长提交的客户立场信函；
• 分析上诉理由，并在引渡案件中准备上诉；
• 准备向欧洲人权法院提交的关于引渡程序中的不规范行为的申诉；
• 准备向外国人事务办公室主任提交的外国人在波兰申请庇护的申请；
• 如庇护申请被拒绝，准备重新审议案件的申请及向省行政法院的申诉。

我们的服务面向以下对象：

• 已被发出国际刑警红色通告的人员；
• 正在进行引渡程序的人员；
• 尚未被指控但受到国际刑警关注的人员；
• 基于国际刑警通告被拘留的人员的家属。

Freedom of movement and the ease of quickly changing the country of residence have necessitated cooperation between countries so that the whereabouts of a wanted person can be established and, consequently, extradition can be carried out. A response to these needs became the creation of the International Criminal Police Organization, the so-called Interpol, whose task is to help 195 member states in the fight against all types of crime. The structure of the organization includes, among others, the National Central Bureaus of Interpol located in each member state, whose purpose is to be in constant contact with the organization’s headquarters and to provide each other with information about wanted persons.

Interpol’s main tasks include fighting drug and organized crime, fighting economic crime, searching for fugitive criminals, fighting terrorism, ensuring public security and order, and fighting human trafficking. The aforementioned crime categories have seen the greatest number of locating of those prosecuted as a result of Interpol’s activities.

The main instruments of the organization’s activities are notices – handbills, with different colors and meanings. The publication of a notice (so-called alert) can be requested by authorized authorities of Interpol member states or relevant international institutions. Of all the notices, dedicated to wanted perpetrators of the most serious crimes is the so-called Red Notice. The main purpose of the Interpol Red Notice is to strengthen national searches conducted for the arrest, detention on remand and extradition of a wanted person. A Red Notice is issued for the most serious crimes such as, for example, murder, rape with particular cruelty, drug activity, forgery or participation in organized crime groups. Notification of the issuance of a Red Notice goes to all member states, and in some cases is also published via the Interpol website. The arrest of a person wanted with an Interpol Red Notice is usually associated with the start of extradition procedures. Against this backdrop, the subject of asylum granted to a person at his or her place of residence is also relevant. Asylum is an instrument of defense against extradition.

Each note issued, in turn, corresponds to a diffusion, which is either a request for international cooperation or a warning, a notification sent from one member state to selected National Central Bureau of Interpol. The sending of a diffusion is done at the request of authorized national authorities, so that police activities can be carried out in the territory of another country. Among Interpol’s databases, in which information for international cooperation is collected, it is necessary to point out, among others, the Fingerprint Database, the DNA Profiles Database, the Stolen and Lost Travel Documents Database and the Stolen Vehicles Database.

In the field of Interpol Red Notice cases and extradition proceedings, Kopeć & Zaborowski Law Firm offers:

• detailed discussion of the institution of Red Notice;
• preparation of a request for removal from Interpol’s databases and a request to determine whether a person is currently covered by a notice;
• analysis on the abuse of the institution of Red Notice by law enforcement agencies;
• a detailed discussion of the institution of extradition, its admissibility and consequences;
• analysis of the legal and factual situation of a person subject to an extradition request, including the grounds for refusing to surrender a person to a foreign state;
• participation in the activities undertaken as part of the extradition procedure;
• ongoing contact with the authorities conducting the proceedings and with the competent authorities of the country requesting surrender;
• active participation in the court hearing on the admissibility of surrender and preparation of a complaint in this regard;
• preparation of a letter with the client’s position in an extradition case addressed to the Minister of Justice, the Ombudsman or the Prosecutor General
• analysis of the grounds for cassation and preparation of a cassation in an extradition case;
• preparation of a complaint to the European Court of Human Rights regarding irregularities in extradition proceedings;
• preparation of an application to the Head of the Office for Foreigners for granting the foreigner asylum in Poland;
• in case of refusal to grant asylum – preparation of an application for reconsideration of the case and a complaint to the Voivodship Administrative Court.

Our offer is addressed to:

• persons against whom an Interpol Red Notice has been issued;
• persons against whom extradition proceedings are pending;
• persons who have not yet been charged, but are of interest to Interpol;
• families of persons detained on the basis of an Interpol notice.