腐败 | Corruption CN

腐败是一种涉及滥用受托权力或职位以获取财务或个人利益的犯罪行为。腐败的形式从个人行为到在组织或机构层面运作的复杂机制不等。腐败的形式多种多样，从简单的贿赂到公司或国家层面的复杂腐败安排。

官方腐败 指的是当接受财务或个人利益或承诺的人是波兰或外国国家的官员时发生的腐败行为（被动官方受贿行为——《波兰刑法》第228条，主动官方行贿行为——《波兰刑法》第229条）。另一方面，管理层腐败 是指当接受利益或其承诺的人影响商业活动时发生的腐败行为。在这里，犯罪也包括被动管理层受贿（《波兰刑法》第296条第1款）和主动管理层行贿（《波兰刑法》第296a条第2款）。

作为打击腐败的一部分，立法者为官方贿赂行为（《波兰刑法》第229条第6款）和管理层贿赂行为（《波兰刑法》第296a条第5款）的实施者提供了避免处罚的可能性（非处罚条款），前提是该实施者在刑事起诉机关得知贿赂方接受了物质利益或其承诺之前，已向该机关报告并披露了所有相关的犯罪情节。

立法者为腐败行为规定了严厉的处罚，通常此类案件会判处监禁。涉及财产价值超过500万波兰兹罗提（125万欧元）的管理层腐败为重罪：实施此类犯罪的人可能会被判处3至20年监禁，而涉及财产价值超过1000万波兰兹罗提（250万欧元）的情况下，刑期可达5至25年。对于在执行职位上因贿赂定罪的人员，自动触发禁止担任公司董事会成员、监事会成员、审计委员会或清算人的职务。波兰设有中央反腐败局（CBA），这是一个专门打击官方和管理层腐败的特别机构。

KKZ律师事务所 在此服务领域提供以下服务：

• 为管理人员和官员提供全面培训；
• 创建合规程序系统和内部规章制度；
• 进行内部审计；
• 在危机情况下的代表（如搜查、审讯、逮捕、指控、临时拘留）；
• 代表客户在执法机关（包括检察院、警方、CBA）以及法院面前进行辩护；
• 作为嫌疑人或被告的辩护律师；
• 制定诉讼和沟通策略；
• 协助从相关组织和机构获取支持；
• 全面支持公司形象保护，包括与知名公关公司合作。

我们的服务面向：

• 国家和地方政府机关代表；
• 管理层人员；
• 因腐败犯罪受到侵害的实体；
• 被指控腐败的个人；
• 在腐败背景下面临形象危机的公司。

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Corruption is a crime involving the abuse of entrusted authority or position for financial or personal gain. It ranges from the actions of individuals to complex mechanisms operating at organizational or institutional levels. There are various forms of corruption, from simple bribes to complex corrupt arrangements at the corporate or state level.

Official corruption occurs when the person who is to accept a pecuniary or personal benefit or the promise thereof is an official of a Polish or foreign state (passive official bribery – Article 228 of the Polish Criminal Code and active official bribery – Article 229 of the Polish Criminal Code). Managerial corruption, on the other hand, is when a person who is to accept a benefit or its promise is to influence business activities. Here, too, the crime is both passive managerial bribery (Article 296 § 1 of the Polish Criminal Code) and active managerial bribery (Article 296a § 2 of the Polish Criminal Code).

As part of the fight against corruption, the legislator has provided for the possibility of avoiding punishment (non-punishment clause) for the perpetrator of official bribery (Article 229 § 6 of the Polish Criminal Code) and managerial bribery (Article 296a § 5 of the Polish Criminal Code), who has notified the body established for criminal prosecution of the bribed party’s acceptance of a material benefit or its promise and has disclosed all the relevant circumstances of the crime before the body became aware of it.

The penalties provided by the legislature for corruption are severe, in most cases the legislation provides for imprisonment in such cases. Managerial corruption involving property worth more than PLN 5,000,000 (EUR 1,250,000) is a felony: the perpetrator of such a crime may be punished by 3 to 20 years’ imprisonment, and in the case of property worth more than PLN 10,000,000 (EUR 2,500,000) – from 5 even to 25 years’ imprisonment. A conviction for bribery in an executive position automatically triggers a ban on serving as a member of a company’s board of directors, supervisory board, audit committee or liquidator. Poland has a Central Anti-Corruption Bureau (CBA), which is a special service established to combat official and managerial corruption.

KKZ Law Firm within this service segment offers:

• comprehensive training of managers and officials;
• creation of a system of compliance procedures and internal codes;
• internal audits;
• representation in crisis situations (searches, interrogations, arrests, presentation of charges, detention on remand);
• representation before law enforcement agencies, including the prosecutor’s office, police, CBA, and before the courts;
• acting as defense counsel for suspects or defendants;
• development of a litigation and communication strategy;
• assistance in obtaining support from relevant organizations and institutions;
• full support in protecting the company’s image, including cooperation with reputable PR agencies.

Our offer is addressed to:

• representatives of state and local government authorities;
• managerial staff;
• entities harmed by corruption crimes;
• persons accused of corruption;
• companies struggling with an image crisis on the background of corruption.